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Global Landscape of RWA Regulation: Asset Tokenization Faces Liquidity and Adoption Challenges
RWA and Asset Tokenization: Global Regulatory Landscape and Practical Challenges
RWA(Real World Assets) refers to the conversion of real-world assets or rights into digital tokens that can circulate on the blockchain through blockchain technology. This innovative model achieves asset segmentation, public ledgers, free circulation, and automated management. The core of RWA is to repackage legally protected rights certificates using blockchain technology, making the circulation of certificates more efficient and transparent, but the prerequisite is to have rights under a legal framework before having Tokens on the chain.
Most RWA Tokens are classified as security tokens and therefore must undergo tokenization to comply with relevant regulatory policies. Currently, the regulation of RWA Tokens in major regions around the world is primarily based on the existing regulatory framework for crypto assets.
Hong Kong passed the RWA stable Token regulatory draft in May 2025, establishing a regulatory framework from aspects such as licensing system, reserve asset requirements, transparency, and anti-money laundering. The US GENIUS Act imposes strict reserve requirements on the issuance of stablecoins. Singapore regulates the behavior of payment service providers through the Payment Services Act. The EU MiCA Act sets requirements for both crypto asset issuers and service providers.
In addition to legal regulation, RWA also faces some challenges in practice:
Insufficient liquidity. Some RWA assets have low daily trading volumes on trading platforms.
Insufficient education and popularization. Different groups have varying understandings of RWA, which can easily lead to misunderstandings.
The technical architecture is complex. The coordination cost between on-chain and off-chain is high, requiring more efficient infrastructure.
Addressing these issues requires multi-faceted efforts, including improving the custodial and clearing systems, developing educational tools, optimizing the technical architecture, etc. The development of RWA is a long-term process that necessitates continuous integration between the real world and the digital ecosystem.